WAEC Civic Education Questions and Answers

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WAEC Civic Education Essay and Objective 2023

The 2023 WAEC Civic Education expo will be posted on this page during the WAEC Civic Education examination. Keep checking and refreshing/reloading this page for the answers.

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Note: The answers below are for 2022

OBJ Answers

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(1a)

Human rights mean certain privileges enjoyed by every citizen in a country irrespective of gender, tribe, or creed. Human rights are natural, civil, political, and legal

OR

Human rights are the basic natural rights that are essential for human existence and every citizen is entitled to them.

(1b) (PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Being detained by law for an offense committed

(ii) During wars, a person’s rights can be violated

(iii) During a curfew

(iv) When a citizen has a contagious or infectious disease.

(v) Declaration of a state of emergency

(vi)  Acquisition of individual’s property by the state for public use

(1c)

(i) To guarantee the liberty of citizens: It guarantees a total safeguard  of human rights, peace, and unity in the society as the constitution is a body of laws and principles through which a state is ruled

(ii) To make sure the rights of citizens are not violated: Laws that are not written in the constitution are unknown to law, they cannot be exercised or sanctioned when violated.

(iii) To punish violators: The written form of human rights gives room for a provision of a section for the punishment of an offender or someone who infringed on someone’s right.

(2a)

(i) The first important quality of a responsible parent is choosing the right partner, to prevent future disputes.

(ii) Responsible parenthood requires parents to consider their financial ability and plan on the number of children to give birth to, and cater for.

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Responsible citizenry: Parents care for their child’s well-being, health, safety, and character development, especially in their early years. These will help the child into development and law-abiding adult citizens thereby making the children contribute to the development of society.

(ii) Reduction in crime: Responsible parents put in their children good and acceptable societal values of love, honesty, diligence, contentment, and integrity. And these influence the pattern of development and behavior of their children, especially in adulthood. Thereby reducing the rate of crime in society.

(iii) Healthy Nation: Children who are given adequate and sound education, the right type of food, a decent shelter, security, and unbeatable recreational facilities will spend less on medicine. Thereby maintaining a healthy nation.

(iv) Emotionally balanced population: Hence parents put in their child/children good and balanced emotional control. The child turns out to seek peaceful and legal means of redress in society. Thereby improving society into developing of emotionally balanced population.

(v) Budgeting and finances: In order to keep the economy of a given society going, the citizens need to have good control of their finances. Parents can help to get their children into good financial habits early on.

(vi) Encouraging independent thought: In a democratic society, or indeed in any society, good citizenship involves expressing one’s opinions, and also respecting the opinions of others. This is seen not least in the voting process. Responsible parenthood, then, also involves teaching children to respect others’ opinions – and to develop their own opinions too. Tolerance of others is a true civic virtue.

SECTION B

You are required to answer at least ONE Question from this section

(3a)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Life coping skills: These refer to strategies used to help you get through difficult situations that life throws at you

(ii) Intellectual skills: These refer to the ways of thinking and problem-solving used by professionals in a field

(iii) Decision-making skills: This is the ability to select between two or more alternatives to reach the best outcome in the shortest time.

(iv) Leadership skills: These are the strengths and abilities individuals demonstrate that help the oversee processes, guide initiatives, and steer their employees toward the achievement of goals

(v) Negotiation skills: These are qualities that allow two or more sides to reach a compromise. These are often soft skills such as persuasion, planning, strategizing, and cooperating

(vi) Motivational/self-actualization skills: These refer to the actions you take to elicit a desired outcome, response, or behavior.

(vii) Communicative skills: This is the ability to convey or share ideas and feelings effectively.

(viii) Artistic skills: This is a particular skill or a flair for something, especially an artistic pursuit.

(ix) Interpersonal/human relation skills: These are the behaviors and tactics a person uses to interact with others effectively

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(3b)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) To inculcate discipline in Nigerian youths by instilling in them a tradition of industry at work, and of patriotic and loyal service to Nigeria in any situation they may find themselves.

(ii) To raise the moral tone of the Nigerian youths by giving them the opportunity to learn about higher ideals of national achievement, social and cultural improvement

(iii) To develop in the Nigerian youths the attitudes of mind, acquired through shared experience and suitable training which will make them more amenable to mobilization in the national interest

(iv) To enable Nigerian youths to acquire the spirit of self-reliance by encouraging them to develop skills for self-employment

(vi) To contribute to the accelerated growth of the national economy by engaging them in different productive areas of the national economy such as in farms, and in private enterprises.

(v) To develop common ties among the Nigerian youths and promote national unity and integration

(vi) To provide greater employment opportunities for the youths by ensuring greater job opportunities are available to fresh graduates.

SECTION C

(You are required to answer at least ONE Question From This Section)

(4)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Poor orientations and low salaries: Public servants get poor or no orientations about their jobs and various offices held. This is coupled with their low salary earnings as pea-nut which is another reason for the shortcomings in public service.

(ii) Lack of qualified personnel: Most personnel in various public service offices either neglect their right jobs or have little or no experience in them but carry out such services due to their search for greener pastures.

(iii) Waste of manpower and resources: This is another form of over-staffing that leads to duplication of offices in the ministries. It appears as a waste of manpower and resources when the public service pays excess money for little effort since there would be not many jobs for them to carry out in their various offices.

(iv) Corruption: The effectiveness of the public service has been slowed down by bribery and corruption to the extent that public servants failed to perform their official duties as they look forward to bribery before carrying out their jobs.

(v) Colonial influence: Most public corporations were incorporated in Nigeria during the colonial era and no longer inform since the departure of colonial masters who were the initiators of these public services and corporations. The independence saga and influence brought about some shortcomings in the public service, as some of these public corporations were seized and manipulated by private individuals into their own private businesses.

(vi) Political instability: constant and regular change of top rank office holders in public service brings about constant instability of rules and regulations. This constantly leads to shortcomings in the public service sector in Nigeria

(vii) Political interference: Many governments in power do not allow the free flow of duties due to undue interference which at most times is only favorable to politicians. They regularly fixed upon various tasks they are ignorant of, but only their political wings attached them to such jobs.

(vii) Inconsistency of government policies/Bureaucracy: In Nigeria, a change of government many times means changes in policies. Bureaucracy refers to the excessive use of formalities in public service, which militates against its effectiveness.

OBJ Answers: (2022 Answers)

(2a)

(i) Right to life, Liberty, and security of the person

(ii) Right to non-discrimination equality before the law and equal protection by the law

(iii) Right to the freedom of movement and to choose a residence

(iv) Right to freedom of forced labor, slavery, slavery-like practices, and servitude

(v) Right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion

(vi) The right to peaceful assembly and freedom of association

(vii) Right to freedom of opinion and expression

(2b)

(i) Giving financial support to human rights abuse victims

(ii) Individuals are expected to become conscious of their rights as citizens and be ready to claim them.

(iii) Joining human rights groups to promote respect for all human rights

(iv) Willingness to report cases of human rights abuse to necessary authorities

SECTION B

(3a)

A secret cult group is referred to as a dangerous and deadly group that shares common ideologies, believes in secret,  esoteric, mystic, and engages in violent practices.

(3b)

(i)Public campaign against cultism: Different organizations, including the government, schools, religious institutions, and parents, should promote awareness against cultism. Seminars and workshops should be organized to discuss the dangers of cultism all over schools without leaving out the primary schools.

(ii)Government Standard: The government should also make laws to punish cultists for pushing away students and young people from joining these groups. The political leaders supporting them should also be put to judgment because they are damaging other children’s lives to make theirs better

(iii) Discipline and Studying hard in school to achieve success: Students should be kept busy and engaged in school via curricular and extracurricular activities. Because it is a known fact that an “idle mind is the devil’s workshop”. When students are engaged in hard work, they will not have time to join cults.

(iv) Civic Education should be made compulsory in the primary and secondary schools in the country.

Parents should take time to understand their children, give them enough time to listen to them at home and satisfy their emotional psychological, and physical needs.

(4a)

Youth Empowerment is a development program aimed at creating opportunities that will encourage and develop the youths to be morally responsible, self-reliant, and financially productive citizens.

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4b)

(i) Life Coping Skills: These are natural skills that every organism including man, acquires from birth to adapt fittingly to his or its environment. They are survival Instincts or skills.

(ii) Manipulative Skills: These skills are seen in skills acquisition centers as it involves economic activities that inculcate skills such as technical education.

(iii) Intellectual Skills: These skills are coordinated in character. It is the literary or theoretical frameworks that guide the practical aspects of the works, economic and scientific undertakings

(iv) Communicative Skills: Communication is a very important aspect of our life. Man evolved communications skills as a social being to enable him to pass or send information from one person to the other or from place to place.

(v) Artistic Skills: These are close to communicative skills and are more complex. Includes the art of good writing, fine and applied arts, music, and drama. These skills make effective use of all the other four kinds of skills where necessary.

(vi)Decision-making skills; These can be the difference in making a choice that improves your organization. The aptitude to make decisions is a leadership trait, which portrays your ability to think objectively and relate concepts to the goals you’re trying to reach.

SECTION C

(You are required to answer at least ONE Question from this Section)

(5a)

The modern mode of popular participation is the mode of popular participation carried out through expressing oneself through the mass media.

(5b)

[Pick any Six]

(i) Legitimacy of elected governments: If citizens actively participate in the electoral process, society will have an elected legitimate government.

(ii) National Development: There will be rapid socio-economic development if citizens participate in the electoral or political process.

(iii) Political stability: This ensures law and order for economic and political development in society.

(iv) Responsible and responsive government: The society will elect or get a government that is receptive to the people’s concerns, needs, and aspirations.

(v) Political awareness: When citizens participate in the electoral/political process, they will become politically conscious, enjoy their rights and perform corresponding duties and obligations to society.

(vi)  Credible elections: When citizens actively participate in the electoral or political process it will confer credibility on the process.

(vii) Peaceful order of succession: Peaceful transition is ensured from one regime to another.

(viii) Peace and harmony: When citizens actively participate in the political process they will enjoy peace and harmony without much agitation.