NABTEB PAST QUESTION & ANSWER [AGRIC]

(1a)

(PICK ANY SIX)

(i) Development of farm implements and machinery

(ii) Development of fertilizers

(iii) Disease control, using various types of chemical

(iv) Provision of storage facilities

(v) Development of better roads to facilitate movement of agricultural products from farms to markets.

(vi) Construction and use of farm buildings to facililtate crop processing

(vii) Improved farm management system

(1b)

(i) Higher income yields

(ii) Stability and consistency of income

(iii) Capital growth potential and diversification

(iv) Ability to collectively invest and maintenance

(1c)

(PICK ANY FIVE)

(i) Harrows

(ii) Ploughs

(iii) Ridgers

(iv) Sprayer

(v) Mower

(vi) Cultivators

(vii) Planters

(1d)

Aquaculture is a type of farming which involves the cultivation of aquatic organisms and aquatic plants for human consumption under controlled conditions. This type of farming activity is usually carried out in brackish, fresh or salt water.

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(3a)

(i) Soil requirement:

Well drained sandy-loamy soil, rich in nutrients. It thrives on neutral or alkaline soil with pH of 6-7

(ii) Method of propagation:

Propagated by seed which may be planted manually and machanically

(iii) Planting date:

Early maize is planted between March and April and Late maize is planted in August. Maize (early or late) is also planted depending on location and rainfall.

(iv) Seed Rate: The quantity of seed required to plant per hectare of land is 25kg – 30kg maize seed. And 2 – 3 seeds are also recommended per hole. Quantity usually depends on spacing/ plant population desired.

(v) Three methods of harvesting:

(i) Harvesting by plucking the cobs on a small scale with hand tools like sickle

(ii)  Hand harvesting

(iii) Harvesting with machines such as corn-picker on a large scale.

(vi) Storage:

Cobs are stored in cribs,rhumbus and fire-place on a small scale while dry grains are stored in silos, on a large scale

(3b)

(i) Cultural Control: This involves the use of Crop Rotation, resistant varieties, tillage practices, regular weeding, fallowing timeliness of planting e.t.c to control or prevent disease.

(ii) Biological Control: This involves the use of natural enemies of diseases to reduce or totally eliminate the diseases.

(iii) Chemical Control: This involves the use of chemicals such as fungicides, nematicides and incesticides to dust or spray plant materials in order to prevent or control plant diseases.

(iv) Plant Quarantine: This involves the legal restriction on the movement of agricultural commodities for the purpose of exclusion, prevention or delay in the establishment of plant diseases in areas where they are not known to occur.

(v) Physical Control: This Involves the physical removal of infected crop or plant.

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(4a)

(i) Progeny Selection: This selection procedure in which superior plants are selected from a heterogeneous popula­tion on the basis of the performance of their progeny or offspring.

(ii) Pedigree Selection: Animals are selected or rejected on the basics of performance of their ancestors.

(iii) Inbreeding: This involves the mating of more closely related animals than the average of the population from which they come.

(iv) Outbreeding: This is the mating of unrelated individual animals within the same breed.

(4b)

(i) There is lack of land because it requires large area and therefore not good for commercial purposes.

(ii) When badly managed, it may result in the accumulation of germs and parasites.

(iii) It exposes the birds to extreme weather conditions.

(4c)

(i) Capon:  This is a cockerel that has been castrated or neutered, either physically or chemically, to improve the quality of its flesh for food,

(ii) Broiler: A broiler is any chicken that is bred and raised specifically for meat production

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(5a)

(i) The salvage value of the tractor N200,000.00 i.e. the price at which e tractor was sold off.

(ii) Total depreciation = Cost price – salvage value of the harvester = N1,000,000- N200,000.00 = N800,000.00

(iii) Annual depreciation = Total depreciation/no of years

N800,000/9 = N88,888.89

(iv) Appreciation value: The harvester suffered a loss or reduction in worth 9 years. Therefore, appreciation is nil.

(5b)

(i) Daily farm records

(ii) Records of farm implements and equipment

(iii) Production records

(iv) Record of agricultural inputs

(i) Daily farm records: These are the records of all important daily activities and events that happen on the farm. These records help the farmer keep track of past farming activities and plan for future activities

(ii) Records of farm implements and equipment: This is used to keep an inventory of all the equipment on the farm and their quantity. It can also contain the date of purchase of the equipment and sometimes their description.

(iii) Production records: Production records are used to document everything that is produced on the farm. These records are prepared every week. And then summed up at the end of the month and also at the end of the year. Thus, there is a weekly record, a monthly record, and an annual record of everything produced on the farm. They helps to keep track of how well the farm is doing.

(iv) Record of agricultural inputs: This record is used to keep track of all agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, seeds, etc. The record often also contains the amount of that was bought, the amount that has been used, and what is left.

(5c)

Selective exploitation is the cutting down of matured trees while allowing the younger ones to reach maturity before they are cut down.

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(6a)

Apiculture can be define as the art of rearing, breeding and managing honey bee colony in artificial hives for economic gains through the production of honey and other bee products for man’s use.

(6b)

(i) Wearing of protective clothing

(ii) Putting warning symbols near apiaries

(iii) Location of apiaries far away from human dewelling

(iv) Keep chemicals to a minimum and handle with caution

(v) Be gentle when moving the bees

(vi) Wearing of beekeeping gloves

(6c)

(i) Protection of territorial waters: No vessels (except canoes) shall fish within the first two nautical miles of the water of the Nigerian continental shelf.

(ii) Ban on the use of explosives: The use of explosive substances for fishing is prohibited because it often results in the death of both the mature and the young fishes.

(iii) Population control: This involves the use of other fish types like claries (catfish) to eat up tilapia or early harvesting to prevent over population

(iv) Mesh size regulation: This involves the use of a particular inesh of net size that only the matured fishes are caught, Thus protecting the young ones.

(v) Close season: This is a regulation in which no fishing is permitted to take place for a given period of time. This allows the smaller fishes to grow and mature.

(vi) Ban on the use of chemicals or poisonous materials: The use of noxious or poisonous chemical is prohibited because it also results in the death of both matured and the young ones

(6d)

Crop improvement can be defined as the ways of developing and breeding of crop varieties which are better than the pre-existing cultivars in a number of characters like taste, height, colour, etc. for a better yield.

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(7a)

(i) Land: This includes any natural resource used to produce goods and services. This includes not just land, but anything that comes from the land. Some common land or natural resources are water, oil, copper, natural gas, coal, and forests.

(ii) Labour: This refers to all human effort put into production. Sources of labour include personal labour, community labour, family labour.

(iii) Capital: This refers to all man-made productive assets which are used in production e.g. farm buildings, tools, money etc.

(7b)

(i) Individual problem can be easily solved.

(ii) Percentage of adaption is very high.

(iii) Extension worker will get first hand information about rural problem.

(7c)

(i) AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING INSTITUTE

(ii) OPERATION FEED THE NATION (OFN)

(iii) NATIONAL ACCELERATED FOOD PRODUCTION PROGRAM (NAFPP)